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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 107 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416541

ABSTRACT

A conjuntivite bacteriana tem significante impacto na Saúde Pública. Essa infecção representa mais de um terço das doenças oculares relatadas em âmbito global. É uma doença altamente contagiosa causada por variedade de bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias. Diferentes antibióticos empregados no tratamento dessa doença têm apresentado elevada incidência de resistência bacteriana. Dentre os antibióticos de última geração, destaca-se o besifloxacino, antibiótico de quarta geração da classe das fluoroquinolonas, indicado exclusivamente para uso oftálmico tópico. Entretanto, esse fármaco possui baixa solubilidade em água, diminuindo sua biodisponibilidade. Tendo em vista superar esse desafio, foi proposta abordagem nanotecnológica para o desenvolvimento de nanocristais desse fármaco. A preparação de nanocristais de besifloxacino empregando moagem via úmida em escala reduzida foi promissora empregando tensoativo Povacoat®. O Diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio (DHM) da partícula foi de aproximadamente 550 nm, com índice de polidispersão (IP) menor que 0,2. Esse resultado permitiu aumentar a solubilidade de saturação em aproximadamente duas vezes em relação a matéria-prima, possibilitando aumentar a velocidade de dissolução desse fármaco e melhorar sua biodisponibilidade e segurança. Além disso, foi validado o método para quantificação do besifloxacino por CLAE, apresentando especificidade, linearidade no intervalo de 20 a 80µg/mL (r= 0,9996), precisão por repetibilidade (DPR= 1,20%, 0,84% e 0,39%), precisão intermediária (DPR= 0,94%) e exatidão 99,03%. Estudo de estabilidade acelerado (90 dias) na condição 40°C±2°C/75%UR±5%UR e estudo de estabilidade de acompanhamento (150 dias) na condição: 25°C ± 2°C / 60% UR ± 5% UR evidenciaram a estabilidade do teor no período avaliado. Ainda, a nanossuspensão de besifloxacino 0,6% m/m (nanocristais) na dose máxima (500 mg/kg) e o estabilizante Povacoat® (750 mg/kg) não apresentaram toxicidade em larvas de G. mellonella. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para a formulação inovadora foi de 0,0960 µg/mL e 1,60 µg/mL frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectivamente, confirmando eficácia in vitro


Bacterial conjunctivitis greatly impacts the population's health, presenting more than a third of eye diseases reported worldwide. It is an infection caused by various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is highly contagious. Therefore, it presents a high incidence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics commonly used for treatment. Among the most recent antibiotics, besifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated exclusively for topical ophthalmic use. Due to its importance in treating bacterial conjunctivitis and its low solubility in the water, a nanotechnological approach was proposed to develop besifloxacin nanocrystals. The preparation of besifloxacin nanocrystals using small-scale wet milling was promising using Povacoat® surfactant. The particle's average hydrodynamic diameter (DHM) was approximately 550 nm, with a polydispersity index (IP) of less than 0.2. This result increased the saturation solubility approximately two times concerning the raw material, making it possible to increase the dissolution rate of this drug and improve its bioavailability and safety. In addition, the method for quantification of besifloxacin by HPLC was validated, presenting specificity, linearity in the range of 20 to 80µg/mL (r= 0.9996), precision by repeatability (DPR= 1.20%, 0.84% and 0.39%), intermediate precision (DPR= 0.94%) and accuracy 99.03%. Accelerated stability study (90 days) at 40°C±2°C/75%RH±5%RH condition and follow-up stability study (150 days) at 25°C ± 2°C / 60% RH ± condition 5% RH showed the stability of content in the evaluated period. Furthermore, the 0.6% besifloxacin nanosuspension (nanocrystals) at the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) and the Povacoat® stabilizer (750 mg/kg) did not show toxicity in G. mellonella larvae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to innovative formulation was 0.0960 µg/mL and e 1.60 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, confirming in vitro efficacy


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Chemistry, Physical/instrumentation , Conjunctivitis, Bacterial/metabolism , Nanoparticles/analysis , Bacteria, Aerobic/classification , In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Fluoroquinolones , Dissolution , Eye Diseases/pathology , Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification
2.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 41(1): 8-13, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286975

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Musculoskeletal conditions are considered the most common extraintestinal manifestations, followed by mucocutaneous and ocular diseases. Many general practitioners are unaware of the variety and severity of the ocular affection in IBD patients. Objective To assess the prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in IBD patients at Kafrelsheikh governorate, and to evaluate the different ocularmanifestations and their relationship to the severity of the disease. Methods A cross-sectional study evaluating 120 patients treated at the Kafrelsheikh University Hospital. The diagnosis of IBD was made between December 2018 and December 2019 through clinical, endoscopic and histopathological examinations. All patients were assessed for any extraintestinal manifestation or evidence of ocular affection through slit-lamp examinations, tonometry, visual acuity, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results The mean age of the sample was 35.5 ± 13.3 years. In total, 52 (43.3%) patients were male and 68 (56.7%) were female. Ocular manifestations represent ~ 22.5% of extraintestinal manifestations. The most common ocular findings were conjunctivitis (25.8%) and anterior uveitis (10.8%), followed by scleritis (9.2%) and cataract (8.3%). Other extraintestinal manifestations were observed in 41 (34.1%) 29 (29.9%) of ulcerative colitis cases, and 12 (52%) of Crohn disease cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of ocular involvement in relation to the two types of IBD included in the Montreal classification. Conclusion Ocular manifestations in cases of IBD are common and usually nonspecific in presentation. The severity of the IBD does not reflect the severity of the ocular affection.


Resumo Introdução As manifestações da doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) não se restringem ao trato gastrointestinal. Distúrbios musculoesqueléticos são considerados as manifestações extraintestinais mais comuns, seguidos de doenças oculares e mucocutâneas. Muitos clínicos gerais desconhecem a variedade e a severidade das afecções oculares em casos de DII. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência das manifestações extraintestinais em pacientes com DII na província de Kafrelsheikh, no Egito, e avaliar as diferentes manifestações oculares e sua relação com a gravidade da doença. Métodos Um estudo transversal que avaliou 120 pacientes tratados no Kafrelsheikh University Hospital. O diagnóstico de DII foi feito entre dezembro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 por meio de exames clínicos, endoscópicos e histopatológicos. Por meio de exames de lâmpada de fenda, tonometria, acuidade visual, e oftalmoscopia indireta, todos os pacientes foram avaliados para se determinar a ocorrência de quaisquer manifestações extraintestinais ou afecções oculares. Resultados Amédia de idade da amostra foi de 35,5 ± 13,3 anos. No total, 52 (43,3%) pacientes com DII eram do sexo masculino, e 68 (56,7%), do sexo feminino. As manifestações oculares representaram ~ 22,5% das manifestações extraintestinais. Os achados oculares mais comuns foram conjuntivite (25,8%) e uveíte anterior (10,8%), seguidas de esclerite (9,2%) e catarata (8,3%). Outras manifestações extraintestinais foram observadas em 41 (34,1%) pacientes, entre elas, 29,9% de casos de colite ulcerativa, e 52% de casos de doença de Crohn. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na presença de envolvimento ocular com relação aos dois tipos de DII descritos na classificação de Montreal. Conclusão Asmanifestações oculares empacientes de DII são comuns e, geralmente, não específicas em termos de apresentação. A gravidade da DII não reflete a gravidade da afecção ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology , Risk Factors , Eye Diseases/complications , Eye Diseases/pathology
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(6): 909-913, June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012990

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus isolated for the first time in 1947 and transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In Brasil, it was first detected in May 2015. Since then, ZIKV has been identified as the etiological agent of acute exanthematous disease in Brasil, and Neuropediatricians of the Recife warned about an epidemic of microcephaly, and the Brazilian Ministry of Health confirmed the association between ZIKV and Congenital malformations and neurological syndromes. The eye, as an extension of the developing brain, has been examined in patients with microcephaly and maternal history of ZIKV infection. METHODS: Twenty newborn patients with microcephaly, whose mothers had presumed Zika virus during pregnancy, were analyzed through medical records. The nonparametric chi-square statistic was used to verify the association between head circumference and ocular alteration at a significance level of 0.0001. RESULTS: The significance of P = 0.000 in the value of non-parametric chi-square statistics was lower than the value of α = 0.0001, demonstrating that, at a level of 0.0001, there is an association between head circumference and ocular alteration. CONCLUSION: Although the knowledge of the natural evolution of the disease is still scarce, the current evidence is strong enough to establish a causal relationship between ZIKV infection during pregnancy and the increased incidence of the microcephaly and serious eye alterations that lead to the severe lower vision of these children.


RESUMO: INTRODUÇÃO: O vírus Zika (ZIKV) é um arbovírus isolado pela primeira vez no ano de 1947, sendo transmitido para o homem pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti. No Brasil foi detectado pela primeira vez em maio de 2015. Desde então, ZIKV foi identificado como o agente etiológico da doença exantemática aguda no Brasil, e neuropediatras do Recife deram o sinal de alerta sobre uma epidemia de microcefalia, tendo o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil confirmado a associação entre ZIKV e malformações congênitas e síndromes neurológicas. O olho, sendo uma extensão do cérebro em desenvolvimento, tem sido examinado em pacientes com microcefalia e história materna de infecção por ZIKV. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, por meio de prontuário médico, 20 pacientes recém-nascidos, portadores de microcefalia, cujas mães tiveram presumidamente Zika vírus durante a gestação. A estatística não paramétrica Qui-Quadrado foi utilizada para verificar a associação entre perímetro cefálico e alteração ocular, no nível de significância de 0,0001. RESULTADOS: A significância de P=0,000 no valor da estatística não paramétrica de Qui-Quadrado foi menor do que o valor de α = 0,0001, demonstrando que podemos afirmar que, em um nível de 0,0001, há uma associação entre o perímetro cefálico e a alteração ocular. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ainda serem escassos os conhecimentos sobre a evolução natural da doença, as evidências atuais são fortes o suficiente para estabelecermos a relação causal entre a infecção pelo ZIKV durante a gravidez e o aumento da frequência da microcefalia e alterações oculares graves que levam à baixa severa da visão dessas crianças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Cephalometry , Eye Diseases/virology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Microcephaly/virology , Reference Values , Brazil , Eye Diseases/pathology , Head/pathology , Microcephaly/pathology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(4): 522-526, abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014255

ABSTRACT

Alport syndrome is an inherited progressive form of glomerular disease that is often associated with sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. We report two men with Alport syndrome. Both had chronic kidney disease and consulted for long-term loss of visual acuity. One had auditory abnormalities. On the ophthalmological examination, both had anterior lenticonus and one had dot or fleck retinopathy. Those findings are described in up to 50% and 70% of men with X-linked Alport syndrome, respectively. Both patients had a family history of Alport syndrome or suggestive signs and symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Eye Diseases/pathology , Nephritis, Hereditary/pathology , Retina/pathology , Tonometry, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Nephritis, Hereditary/diagnosis , Nephritis, Hereditary/physiopathology
5.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 55: e17511, 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039070

ABSTRACT

Ocular allergy is one of the most common disorders of the eye surface. Following diagnosis this condition is typically treated with preparations containing antihistamines. However, anatomy of the eye and its natural protective mechanisms create challenges for ocular drug delivery. Rapid elimination of antihistamine substances due to short residency times following application can lead to insufficient treatment of ocular allergies. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to prepare a controlled ocular delivery system to extend the retention time of olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) and in doing so to reduce the need for frequent application. We developed extended-release ocular in situ gelling systems for which in vivo retention times were determined in sheep following in vitro characterization and cytotoxicity studies. In vivo results were then compared to commercially available Patanol eye drops. the transparent gels formulated using appropriate amounts of polymers and having longer ocular retention times appear to be a viable alternative to commercially available eye drops.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , In Vitro Techniques , Eye Diseases/pathology , Olopatadine Hydrochloride/adverse effects , Gelling Agents , Lubricant Eye Drops/pharmacokinetics
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 81(1): 53-58, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888181

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the potential effects of chronic exposure to a nasal decongestant and its excipients on ocular tissues using an experimental rat model. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups. The first two groups were control (serum physiologic) and Otrivine® groups. The remaining four groups received the Otrivine excipients xylometazoline, benzalkonium chloride, sorbitol, and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Medications were applied into both nostrils twice a day for 8 weeks. Before the rats were sacrificed, epithelial staining, the Schirmer test, and intraocular pressure measurements were performed under ketamine/xylasine anesthesia (50 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). Results: Epithelial defects and dry eye were common findings in all study groups. Cataracts developed in two cases clinically. Histopathological evaluation revealed many different pathological alterations in all parts of the ocular tissues such as corneal edema, polypoid proliferation and hyalinization of the vessel wall, cystic formation of the lens, retinal nerve fiber layer degeneration, and corpora amylacea formation of the lacrimal gland. Conclusions: Prolonged usage of the nasal decongestant xylometazoline and its excipients may cause ophthalmic problems such as dry eyes, corneal edema, cataracts, retinal nerve fiber layer, and vascular damage in rats. Although these results were obtained from experimental animals, ophthalmologists should keep in mind the potential ophthalmic adverse effects of this medicine and/or its excipients and exercise caution with drugs containing xylometazoline, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, benzalkonium chloride and sorbitol for patients with underlying ocular problems.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os possíveis efeitos da exposição crônica de descongestionante nasal e seus excipientes em tecidos oculares, utilizando um modelo experimental com ratos. Métodos: Sessenta ratos Wistar adultos machos foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. Os primeiros dois grupos foram controle (soro fisiológico) e Otrivina®. Os quatro grupos restantes receberam os excipientes de Otrivina, tais como Xilometazolina, Benzalcônio, Sorbitol e Ácido Etilenodiamino Tetracético (EDTA). Os medicamentos foram aplicados em ambas as narinas dos ratos, duas vezes ao dia, durante 8 semanas. Antes que os ratos fossem sacrificados, a coloração epitelial, o teste de Schirmer e a medida da pressão intraocular foram realizados sob anestesia com Ketamina/Xilasina (50 e 5 mg/kg, respectivamente). Resultados: Defeitos epiteliais e olho seco foram achados comuns nos grupos de estudo. A catarata desenvolveu-se clinicamente em dois casos. A avaliação histopatológica revelou a existência de alterações em todas as partes dos tecidos oculares, tais como edema de córnea, proliferação polipoide e hialinização da parede vascular, formação cística da lente, degeneração da camada de fibra nervosa da retina (RNFL) e formação de corpos amiláceos da glândula lacrimal. Conclusões: O uso prolongado do descongestionante nasal Xilometazolina e seus excipientes pode causar vários problemas oftalmológicos, como olho seco, edema de córnea, catarata, RNFL e dano vascular em ratos. Embora esses resultados tenham sido obtidos a partir de animais experimentais, os oftalmologistas devem ter em mente os potenciais efeitos oftalmológicos adversos desse medicamento e/ou de seus excipientes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Nasal Decongestants/adverse effects , Eye/drug effects , Eye Diseases/chemically induced , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Nasal Mucosa/drug effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Random Allocation , Edetic Acid/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Eye/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Intraocular Pressure , Nasal Mucosa/pathology
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(1): 56-61, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771906

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Clinical presentations associated with vitamin A deficiency persist in poor regions globally with the same clinical features as those described centuries ago. However, new forms of vitamin A deficiency affecting the eyes, which have become widespread, as a result of modern societal habits are of increasing concern. Ophthalmic conditions related to vitamin A deficiency require the combined attention of ophthalmologists, pediatricians, internists, dermatologists, and nutritionists due to their potential severity and the diversity of causes. As the eyes and their adnexa are particularly sensitive to vitamin A deficiency and excess, ocular disturbances are often early indicators of vitamin A imbalance. The present review describes the clinical manifestations of hypovitaminosis A with an emphasis on so-called modern dietary disorders and multidisciplinary treatment approaches. The present review also discusses the relationship between retinoic acid therapy and dry eye disease.


RESUMO As apresentações clínicas associadas à deficiência de vitamina A persistem em regiões pobres ao redor do mundo com os mesmos achados clínicos descritos há séculos. No entanto, novas formas de problemas causados pela vitamina A afetam os olhos, estão associados com os hábitos da sociedade moderna e tem causado preocupação. Eles exigem a atenção dos oftalmologistas, pediatras, internistas, dermatologistas e nutricionistas, devido à sua gravidade e diversidade de causas. Uma vez que os olhos e seus anexos são órgãos muito sensíveis à deficiência e excesso de vitamina A, manifestações oculares podem ser indicadores precoces do desequilíbrio de vitamina A. Essa revisão traz as manifestações clínicas de hipovitaminose A enfatizando os chamados distúrbios dietéticos modernos e formas de abordagem multidisciplinar. E também traz evidências sobre a relação entre a terapia com ácido retinóico e doença do olho seco.


Subject(s)
Aged , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Eye Diseases/etiology , Vitamin A Deficiency/complications , Acne Vulgaris/etiology , Chronic Disease , Eye Diseases/pathology , Vitamin A Deficiency/metabolism , Vitamin A/adverse effects , Vitamin A/blood
8.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 74(5): 306-308, set.-out. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-757461

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de sínquise cintilante de câmara anterior em lactente sem causa elucidada. O paciente apresentou desvio no olhar desde o nascimento. Antecedentes pessoais e familiares sem anormalidades. Ao exame em OE: Esotropia constante, nistagmo horizontal, leucocoria e microftalmia, já em OD: sem anormalidades. Ultrassonografia (USG) em OE: redução do comprimento axial, retina aplicada e vítreo hiperecogênico. Aventaram-se hipóteses de persistência de vítreo primário hiperplásico, catarata congênita e retinoblastoma, e solicitou-se tomografia de crânio e cavidade orbitária (TC). Paciente retornou após 6 meses trazendo resultado da TC cuja única alteração evidenciada era OE com áreas hiperatenuantes e sem sinais de calcificação. Ao exame em OD: reflexo pupilar direto positivo e consensual negativo e em OE: hiperemia conjuntival, análise de reflexo pupilar, inviabilizada por presença de sínquises cintilantes de coloração ocre na câmara anterior, que não estava presente no exame inicial. Solicitou-se nova USG, evidenciando: ecos puntiformes na cavidade vítrea, sugerindo hemorragia, espessamento de hialoide posterior, retina aplicada e coroide com espessura aumentada. A sínquise cintilante ou “colesterolosis bulbi” é um processo degenerativo comumente secundário a trauma, inflamação ou hemorragia intraocular. Cursa com deposição de cristais de colesterol (provenientes do cristalino em degeneração ou do próprio vítreo) na cavidade vítrea, espaço sub-retiniano e, mais raramente, na câmara anterior. Sugerese que o fenômeno decorra de traumas, catarata de longa duração, hifema, glaucoma secundário ou descolamento de retina e mais raramente, de uveítes, neoplasias ou vasculopatias. Até o presente, não há relato na literatura de sínquise cintilante de câmara anterior envolvendo um lactente.


The propose of this article is presenting a case report of Synchisis scintillans of the anterior chamber in an infant patient without any elucidation. The patient’s initial complaint was “strabismus since birth”. There was not found any other personal or family abnormalities. On examination: OS: Esotropia maintained, horizontal nystagmus, microphthalmia and leukocoria. OD: no abnormalities. Ultrasonography (USG) OS: reduction of the axial length, retinal applied and hyperechoic vitreous. Raised hypotheses were persistence of hyperplastic primary vitreous, congenital cataract and retinoblastoma, and there was also requested cranial and orbital cavity tomography (TC). The patient returned after six months with TC showing as sole evidenced hyperattenuating areas without signs of calcification on OS. On examination: OD showing direct pupillary reflex positive and consensual pupillary reflex negative. OS: conjunctival hyperemia and analysis of pupillary reflex frustrated by the presence of sparkling colored ocher in the anterior chamber. We asked for a new USG, which showed: punctate echoes in the vitreous cavity, suggesting hemorrhage; thickening of the posterior hyaloids; choroid and retina were attached, both with increased thickness. The synchisis scintillans or “colesterolosis bulbi” is a degenerative process commonly secondary to trauma, inflammation or intraocular hemorrhage. Evolves with deposition of cholesterol crystals (from degeneration of the lens or vitreous itself) in the vitreous cavity, subretinal space and rarely, in the anterior chamber. There are evidences that the phenomenon could arise from severe trauma, long-term cataract, hyphema, glaucoma or retinal detachment and, even more rarely, uveitis, neoplasias or vascular disorders. Until this case, there was no report of Synchisis scintillans in the anterior chamber involving an infant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Crystallization , Anterior Chamber/pathology , Cholesterol/metabolism , Eye Diseases/pathology
10.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2011 Nov; 59(6): 509-512
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136240

ABSTRACT

The Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGP) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children. The word progeria is derived from the Greek word progeros meaning ‘prematurely old’. It is caused by de novo dominant mutation in the LMNA gene (gene map locus 1q21.2) and characterized by growth retardation and accelerated degenerative changes of the skin, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. The most common ocular manifestations are prominent eyes, loss of eyebrows and eyelashes, and lagophthalmos. In the present case some additional ocular features such as horizontal narrowing of palpebral fissure, superior sulcus deformity, upper lid retraction, upper lid lag in down gaze, poor pupillary dilatation, were noted. In this case report, a 15-year-old Indian boy with some additional ocular manifestations of the HGP syndrome is described.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Facies , Humans , Male , Progeria/complications , Progeria/pathology
11.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 368-369, 2009.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983506

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the characteristics and main problems of eye injuries in forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Sixty cases of eye injury in forensic expertise were retrospectively analyzed according to sex, age, employment, trauma-causing instrument and injury type, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Of the 60 cases there are 61.7% being peasants and workers, 85.0% suffering from blunt trauma and 63.3% suffering from simple contusion.@*CONCLUSION@#Eyes injuries was mostly caused by blunt trauma. Pathological change of fundus was an important factor affecting the vision function. The injury-causing instruments, injury sites and medical history of eyes should be considered while evaluating the vision.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Expert Testimony , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Injuries/diagnosis , Forensic Pathology , Retrospective Studies , Vision Disorders/pathology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis
12.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 17(2): 46-48, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531279

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de tolosa-Hunt es una oftalmoplejia dolorosa, recurrente provocada por una inflamación granulomatosa inespecífica que afecta al seno cavernoso, la hendidura esfenoidal y el apex orbitario. Se caracteriza por dolor retrocular agudo recurrente con parálisis extraocular, que generalmente afecta los nervios craneanos tercero, cuarto, quinto y sexto. Se le atribuye a una infiltración granulomatosa del apex orbitrario o en el seno cavernoso, que responde a la corticoideoterapia. Nuestro paciente consulta por enfermedad de 3 meses de evolución presenta de forma súbita cefalea de fuerte intensidad; y pulsátil acompañado de dolor de fuerte intensidad en globo ocular derecho de carácter pulsátil y progresivamente ptosis palpebral derecha. Se le instaura tratamiento con corticoides, AINES y antiglaucomatosos con poca mejoría sin recuperar amaurosis del ojo derecho. Se obtienen estudios por TAC y RNM de órbita donde se evidencia engrosamiento a nivel del seno cavernoso. Evaluado por equipo multidisciplinario de oftalmología, neurocirugía, Medicina Interna, Imagenología. Considerando que existe un predominio por el seno cavernoso. No se disponen de estudios de prevalencia o incidencia. Se ubica el síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt como la tercera causa de síndrome del seno cavernoso, superado por el trauma y los tumores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Blepharoptosis/diagnosis , Headache/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Pain/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Granuloma, Plasma Cell/pathology , Cavernous Sinus/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/physiopathology , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome/pathology , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Blindness/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology , Inflammation/etiology , Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Ophthalmology , Eye Diseases/pathology
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 24(3): 212-217, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523665

ABSTRACT

La rosácea cutánea (RC) es una enfermedad crónica relativamente común que puede presentarse con afectación ocular. La rosácea ocular es considerada una enfermedad bilateral, manifestándose en la mayoría de los casos en forma simultánea al compromiso cutáneo. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el compromiso ocular de pacientes portadores de RC comparados con un grupo control y la asociación de severidad entre el compromiso cutáneo y el ocular. Se analizó un total de 112 pacientes; un primer grupo de 70 pacientes portadores de RC en un período de dos años, y el segundo constituido por 42 controles sanos. Observamos que en nuestros pacientes con RC hay una alteración de la función lagrimal y no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la severidad del compromiso cutáneo y el compromiso ocular. Debido a que el compromiso ocular en la RC es subestimado, es importante la evaluación de síntomas oculares en los pacientes con RC para continuar un manejo bidisciplinario entre dermatólogos y oftalmólogos.


Cutaneous rosacea (CR) is a relatively common chronic disease that can occur with ocular involvement. Ocular rosacea is considered a bilateral entity that usually manifests simultaneously with cutaneous disease. The objective of this study is to determine ocular involvement in CR patients, compared with a control group, and to establish the association between severity of cutaneous and ocular involvement. 112 patients were analyzed; a first group of 70 patients with a two year story of CR, and the second group consisting of 42 healthy controls. At the end of the study, we observed that patients with CR had tear dysfunction and there was no statistically significant relationship between the severity of cutaneous and ocular involvement. Since eye involvement in CR is underestimated, we consider it important to investigate ocular symptoms in patients with CR and maintain multi-disciplinary management between dermatologists and ophthalmologists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Rosacea/complications , Rosacea/pathology , Lacrimal Apparatus , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Tears , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index
15.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2007 May-Jun; 55(3): 228-30
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71259

ABSTRACT

Herniation of the anterior lens capsule is a rare abnormality in which the capsule bulges forward in the pupillary area. This herniation can be mistaken for an anterior lenticonus where both the capsule and the cortex bulge forward. The exact pathology behind this finding is still unclear. We report the clinical, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and histopathological findings of a case of herniation of the anterior lens capsule. UBM helped to differentiate this entity from anterior lenticonus. Light microscopy revealed capsular splitting suggestive of capsular delamination and collection of fluid (aqueous) in the area of herniation giving it a characteristic appearance.


Subject(s)
Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye Diseases/pathology , Hernia/pathology , Humans , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic
16.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2007 Jan; 50(1): 11-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-75218

ABSTRACT

Enucleation or complete removal of eye is considered to be a mainstay of therapy for many end-stage diseases of eye. We aimed to determine the frequency and indications for enucleations perfomed at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. A total of 150 enucleated eyes from 146 patients were analyzed. The formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of all enucleated eyes were examined microscopically and histopathological analysis was done. In the present series, malignant tumours were most frequent indication of enucleation (64%) followed by ocular inflammation (14.7%), staphyloma (6.7%), trauma (5.3%), painful blind eye due to glaucoma (4%). Retinoblastoma, a malignant tumour emerged as commonest indication (52%). Three major indications for enucleation were malignant tumours, ocular inflammation and staphyloma altogether 92%. Malignant melanoma though commonest ophthalmic tumour requiring enucleation in many parts of the world was not very common in our studies comprising 18.7% of all malignant tumours.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Enucleation , Eye Injuries/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Glaucoma/pathology , Humans , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Uveitis, Suppurative/pathology
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(5): 753-755, set.-out. 2006. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439327

ABSTRACT

The authors present a report of a 44-year-old female patient, with complaints of visual disturbances in the left eye. The symptoms were present for at least 5 years and worsened in the last 2 years, impairing her activities. The patient reported perception of a floating circle, which blurred her vision. There was no previous history of trauma, infectious or inflammatory disease. Clinical evaluation included physical examination, laboratory testing, abdominal ultrasonography, thorax X-ray and head tomography. Ophthalmologic examination consisted of visual acuity, motility tests, biomicroscopy, tonometry and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Complementary investigation was done with a and b scan ocular ultrasonography. The chosen therapeutic approach to excise the cyst was pars plana vitrectomy, successfully performed. Anatomopathologic analysis revealed a pigmented vitreous cyst, of possible congenital origin, described as a cystic choristoma from the primitive hyaloid system. Benign evolution, clinical findings and histopathological analysis corroborated the diagnostic hypothesis of a cystic choristoma of the primitive hyaloid system. Surgery (pars plana vitrectomy) was successful and the patient returned with visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, and with no further complaints.


Os autores apresentam relato de um caso de paciente de 44 anos, com história de dificuldade visual no olho esquerdo há 5 anos. A paciente referia a sensação de um círculo flutuando em sua visão. Os sintomas pioraram nos últimos dois anos, prejudicando suas atividades. Não havia história pessoal prévia de trauma ou de doença ocular inflamatória ou infecciosa. A avaliação clínica incluiu o exame físico, exames de laboratório, ultra-sonografia abdominal, radiografia de tórax e tomografia de crânio e o exame oftalmológico consistiu em medida de acuidade visual, testes de mobilidade, biomicroscopia, tonometria e oftalmoscopia indireta. Investigação complementar foi realizada com ultra-sonografia ocular (modo A e B). A terapêutica escolhida para exérese do cisto foi a vitrectomia via pars plana, que transcorreu sem complicações. A análise anatomopatológica revelou cisto do vítreo, pigmentado, de presumível etiologia congênita, compatível com coristoma cístico do sistema hialóide primitivo. A evolução benigna, os achados clínicos e a análise anatomopatológica reafirmam a hipótese diagnóstica de coristoma cístico do sistema hialóide primitivo. A intervenção cirúrgica (vitrectomia pars plana) obteve sucesso no tratamento da paciente, que retornou apresentando acuidade visual de 20/20 em ambos os olhos, sem outras queixas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cysts/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Vitreous Body/pathology , Cysts/etiology , Cysts/surgery , Eye Diseases/surgery , Microscopy , Visual Acuity , Vitrectomy , Vitreous Body/surgery
18.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 2006; 20 (2): 138-141
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-80545

ABSTRACT

To report the ocular findings in a proven case of Junctional epidermolysis bullosa. A 4-year-old boy known to have epidermolysis bullosa presented with left corneal epithelial defect. After treatment with fusidic acid suspension, lubricants and cycloplegia, he was observed for 3 months. Skin biopsy was submitted for both light and electron microscopy to confirm the diagnosis. Epithelial defect healed after 5 days leaving faint subepithelial opacity at the level of Bowman's layer. Three months later, both palpebral conjunctiva showed marked scarring in addition to the subepithelial haze in the left cornea. Light and electron microscopy of a skin biopsy showed subepidermal cleft involving lamina lucida as a diagnostic feature of Junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa can be associated with various ocular complications such as superficial corneal scarring. Skin biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Epidermolysis Bullosa/pathology , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/etiology , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Tissue Adhesions
19.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Jul; 103(7): 376, 378-80, 382
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-104127

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a worldwide medical problem and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable impact on both the patient and the society because it typically affects individuals in their most productive years. It is also one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment. A person with diabetes has 25 times the risk of blindness compared to a non-diabetic. This article reviews the variety of ways in which the eye and its adnexa can be involved in diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications/pathology , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Humans
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(3): 369-372, maio-jun. 2005. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-410450

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Identificar a freqüência das alterações oculares em pacientes hansenianos residentes em hospital-colônia; comprovar a predileção pelo segmento anterior do olho em relação ao posterior. MÉTODOS: Fez-se estudo transversal de 115 olhos de 58 pacientes internados no abrigo João Paulo II, em Marituba - Pará, no período de agosto a outubro de 1999. Os dados epidemiológicos da pesquisa foram obtidos da ficha de cada paciente e de dados colhidos durante o exame oftalmológico. Todos os pacientes estudados estavam curados da hanseníase segundo as normas do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: Em 114 olhos (99,1 por cento) foi observado envolvimento ocular, sendo a maioria (77,2 por cento) pertencente à forma virchowiana. Os achados oculares mais freqüentes nos anexos oculares foram a madarose ciliar parcial (70,4 por cento) e a madarose superciliar parcial (59,1 por cento). Quanto ao bulbo ocular, o achado mais freqüente relacionado à hanseníase foi a diminuição e/ou ausência de sensibilidade corneana observada em 42,6 por cento dos olhos, seguida da midríase paralítica (16,5 por cento) encontrada no pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos a facectomia, achado ligado intimamente à atrofia de íris (8,7 por cento), comumente observada nestes pacientes. Não foi encontrada nenhuma alteração à fundoscopia que pudesse ser atribuída à hanseníase. CONCLUSÕES: A alta prevalência de alterações do bulbo ocular e anexos em pacientes portadores de hanseníase, principalmente na forma virchowiana, indicam a necessidade da assistência contínua a esses pacientes mesmo após a cura da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Leprosy/complications , Eye Diseases/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Leper Colonies , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Prevalence
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